Isotope-Labeled Vitamin E Analogs in Lipidomics: Focus on α-Tocopherol-d₆ Acetate
Introduction In lipidomics and metabolomics, quantification of bioactive lipophilic antioxidants such as vitamin E (α-tocopherol and its derivatives) is challenging because of low endogenous abundance, complex sample matrices, and susceptibility to oxidation and losses during sample preparation. To overcome these challenges, stable isotope–labeled analogs (especially deuterated forms) are widely used as internal standards or tracers…
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